Civil War 1919 - 1921
- The Bolsheviks were the ‘Reds’
- All groups who opposed them were the ‘Whites’
- Whites were mainly:
- Tsarist officers
- Cossacks
- Bourgeoisie
- Outlawed political groups
- International community
- Whites won early victories in 1918, but the tides turned due to Leon Trotsky
- Reds were more organized and central
- Allied intervention was only half-hearted
- Reds controlled the industry and had majority of the population
- Lower classes were generally Red
- Middle and upper classes were White
- Peasants were neutral
- By 1921 Lenin realized War Communism was not causing a recovery
- He brought in the NEP
- Some private trade was permitted
- Peasants could sell surplus
- Small factories could be purchased by a co-operative for private ownership
- Some parts of the industry began to recover under the NEP
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During the civil war there were two groups the Bolsheviks were the reds and everyone who apposed them were the whites.